Puterea obiceiului

Ca și moneyescian ești probabil deja pe drumul spre independență financiară. Fiind cititor al acestui blog știi deja importanța unei situații financiare solide și care este calea de urmat pentru a o realiza. Spuse într-o singură propoziție lucrurile par destul de simple: optimizarea cheltuielilor pentru a avea o rată de economisire cât mai mare și o viață cât mai împlinită crescând eventual și abilitatea de a câștiga mai mult.

Pentru cei nou veniți pe site pare ceva imposibil de realizat. Primul pas ar fi conștientizarea financiară. Majoritatea crede că un credit pentru o canapea nouă sau renovarea bucătăriei este lucrul normal de făcut,  a scoate bani la bancomat de pe cardul de credit este felul obișnuit de a împrumuta bani iar o rată de economisire de 5 – 10% este admirabilă.

Chiar după înțelegerea problemelor financiare de bază mai rămâne un obstacol de trecut și anume schimbarea comportamentului și menținerea schimbărilor în timp adică managementul obiceiurilor. Aceasta presupune renunțarea la unele obiceiuri și crearea altora noi.

Obiceiurile sunt extrem de importante în viața oricărui individ. Între 50-90% din timpul activ funcționăm pe autopilot bazându-ne pe obiceiuri. Odată ce un obicei a fost format creierul folosește circuitele deja realizate și nu mai folsește energie pentru a analiza orice comportament. Așa cum după ce ai învățat să mergi la un an nu trebuie să te mai gândești de fiecare dată cum să pui un picior în fața celuilalt la fel se formează și celelalte obiceiuri cum ar fi să faci o cafea dimineața când ajungi în bucătărie.

Majoritatea obiceiurilor sunt folositoare și ne ajută să ne concentrăm pe lucrurile care contează. Nu trebuie să te gândești pe care pedală să apeși când conduci mașina sau cum să duci la gură fiecare lingură de ciorbă. Dar există și alte obiceiuri formate în mare parte din comoditate care ne costă foarte mult. Vizionarea televizorului, verificare telefonului, țigările, băutura, jocurile video, procrastinarea, chipsurile, viața sedentară, cumpărăturile de impuls sau nenecesare toate pot fi considerate obiceiuri care odată formate sunt foarte greu de modificat.

Există foarte multe studii legate de formarea obiceiurilor începute încă din anii 1950. Inițial acestea au fost finanțate de marile firme care căutau căi de atragere și fidelizare a consumatorilor. Primele care au folosit rezultatele acestor studii au fost reclamele cu omul Marlboro care prin asocierea produsului cu un anumit mod de viață produce subliminal dorința pentru acel produs. Odată cu informația disponibilă la orice ecran conectat la internet nu mai avem motive să spunem că nu știam și că suntem manipulați.

Cum se formează aceste obiceiuri ? Pentru o explicare simplistă să ne gândim la țăranul Ion care după ce se trezește dimineața se duce la grădina de zarzavaturi, apoi la găini și adună ouăle apoi la poartă să ia ziarul din cutia poștală. După câteva luni de repetare a acestei rutine, așa cum prin bătătură se formează cărări prin iarbă de la casă la zarzavat apoi la găini și la poartă, la fel și creierul a format conexiuni iar el va face aceste drumuri dimineața chiar dacă se gândește la ce va mânca la micul dejun sau ce va face în restul zilei. Mai mult, dacă Ion al nostru va decide să lase găinile libere prin curte, el tot va face traseul pe care care creierul l-a învățat, mai multe zile la rând, chiar dacă nu mai are nici un motiv să meargă la cotețul găinilor.

Pentru o înțelegere mai profundă a proceselor vă recomand o carte „The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business” scrisă de Charles Duhigg care are și traducere în română.

Dar cum putem să renunțăm la obiceiurile proaste și să ne facem altele bune ? Toată lumea știe cât de greu e de exemplu să te lași de fumat. Iar dacă Dl. Moneyescu îți spune să te duci cu bicicleta la servici găsești sigur 100 de motive pentru care nu poți să faci asta. Obiceiuri mărunte de genul să mergi la primul restaurant sau cantină când ți-e foame la servici sau să iei cheile de la mașină de pe măsuța de la intrare pentru a merge la „Mega-ul tău” când nu mai ai lapte în frigider pot face diferența dintre vița de la un salar la altul și o sumă frumușică care produce bani pentru tine. Judson Brewer propune să scoatem creierul nostru de pe autopilot când încercăm să oprim un obicei rău și să conștientizăm fiecare mișcare și senzație. Este o metodă mult mai de succes decât voința pură. De exemplu atunci când vrei să fumezi o țigară să fii concentrat la ceea ce faci și să analizezi mirosul, gustul și senzațiile care le ai în momentul când tragi fumul în plămâni.

Conform cărții mai sus amintite există soluții științifice pentru schimbarea unui obicei. Presupune păstrarea acelorași motive și aceiași răsplată dar cu înlocuirea rutinei de realizare. Iată și cum se face în patru pași:

  • Caută factorii declanșatori ai obiceiului. Trebuie să analizez acest obicei în detaliu și să descrii motivele care îl declanșează. Să zicem că ți-ai dat seama că cheltuiești 20 lei pe zi la prânz la servici pe mâncare. Ai făcut un calcul sumar și ai văzut că acesta înseamnă 100 lei pe săptămână care adunat pentru o perioadă de 10 ani (așa cum facem noi, moneyscienii) însemnă 75 200 lei (16 000 euro). În acest caz mergi la cantină/ restaurant pentru că ți-e foame, pentru că ai nevoie de o pauză sau pentru că așa fac toți colegii tăi și aici ai motiv să socializezi cu ei.
  • Folosește același motiv dar „păcălește-te” să formezi un nou obicei. Dacă îți scade nivelul glicemiei la ora prânzului obișnuiește-te să ai la tine un pachețel sănătos. Poate fi un sandwich, niște morcovi și fructe. Dacă ai nevoie de o pauză poți foarte bine să ieși din clădire la o mică plimbare de 20 minute să te dezmorțești.
  • Încearcă să folosești aceeași răsplată pentru noul obicei. Poți lua sandwichul cu tine în timp ce te plimbi și astfel te relaxezi, îți potolești foamea și dacă găsești niște colegi care să meargă cu tine ai și socializarea.
  • Ia o hotărâre și începe ! Trebuie să pui piciorul în prag și să începi. În exemplul nostru, nu îți faci cafeaua dimineața până nu îți faci pachețelul pentru prânz.
  • Nu ești singur în încercarea ta. Ai peste tot oameni care te susțin. Familia e sigur de parte ta, găsești prieteni care îți susțin cauza, iar dacă nu, găsești grupuri online sau pe Facebook care îți împărtășesc ideile. Vrei idei pentru pachet – internetul este  sursă nelimitată. (Din același motiv grupuri de genul „Alcoolici anonimi” funcționează.)

Cum spuneam, obiceiurile și rutina sunt unelte extrem de puternice. Succesul vine din schimbări de multe ori mici dar menținute ca și rutină pe întreaga viață. Un obicei care îl consider foarte benefic de format este să te întrebi de fiecare dată dacă chiar îți trebuie produsul pe care vrei să îl cumperi. Cel mai bine să nu cumperi nimic, niciodată pe loc. Dacă sunt cumpărături online mai bine adaugă în coș și mai verifică o dată coșul peste o săptămână să vezi dacă chiar vrei să îl cumperi. Poți să îl cumperi aproape nou de pe Facebook ? Un astfel de obicei de a face cumpărături te poate scuti de multe cheltuieli inutile dar și de mute produse care după primele zile de folosință zac prăfuite pe un raft în debara.

Tu la ce viciu vrei să renunți ? Ce obicei vrei să formezi ? Scrie mai jos la comentarii. Odată ce l-ai spus public nu mai poți să dai înapoi 🙂

Lasă și pe alții să afle

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